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Amateur Radio (1.25 m Band)
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According to the ITU, "where allocated, this band serves as an alternative to the 144 MHz band for short-range communications."
In the U.S., the ARRL has adopted the following band plan. This plan may apply in other countries as well:
Frequency (MHz): Use
222.0-222.15: Weak-signal modes
222-222.025: Earth-Moon-Earth communications
222.05-222.06: Propagation beacons
222.1: SSB & CW calling frequency
222.1-222.15: Weak-signal CW & SSB
222.15-222.25: Local coordinator's option; weak signal, ACSB, repeater inputs, control
222.25-223.38: FM repeater inputs only
223.4-223.52: FM simplex
223.52-223.64: Digital, packet
223.64-223.7: Links, control
223.71-223.85: Local coordinator's option, FM simplex, packet, repeater outputs
223.85-224.98: Repeater outputs only
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Frequency Bands |
| Band | Use | Service | Table |
| 222 - 225 MHz | Amateur radio 1.25 m band | AM | N |
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Military Mobile-Satellite Communications (NTIA)
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Satellites operating in the mobile-satellite service in this band are used by the military services and the Coast Guard. The military mobile-satellite communications networks in the band serve ships at sea, aircraft, land-based forces, and a variety of other U.S. military fixed and mobile terminals used by mobile users. The bands 225-322 MHz and 335.4- 399.9 MHz are the only bands below 7250 MHz available for Federal Government mobile-satellite communications, and the narrowband satellite links are frequently the only reliable means of communications.
The military makes extensive use of the mobile-satellite service operating in this band because the electromagnetic waves can penetrate foliage, inclement weather, and urban terrain including concrete-reinforced buildings. Small antennas can be used at the earth terminals making it easy to transport the stations. There are numerous satellite earth terminals currently in use by the military, many of which are small and portable enough to be carried deep into theaters of operation.
The Federal use of the band for mobile satellites was initiated in 1978 with the Navy's Fleet Satellite Communications System (FLTSATCOM), a constellation of five geostationary satellites operating in the band 235-322 MHz, channelized into the downlinks at 243.855-269.95 MHz and corresponding uplinks in the band 292.85- 317.325 MHz. The Navy began upgrading the FLTSATCOM in the 1990s with the UHF Follow-On (UFO) satellites. The UFO satellites offer increased communications channel capacity over the same frequency spectrum used by the previous FLTSATCOM systems. Each UFO satellite has 39 channels with a total 555 kHz bandwidth. The satellite payload comprises 21 narrowband channels at 5 kHz each and 17 relay channels at 25 kHz.3 These channels are used by the military agencies for tactical communications on land, ships, submarines, and aircraft. The Coast Guard also uses channels on the military satellites on some of their ships.
The Department of Defense (DOD) Defense Satellite Communications System (DSCS-III) series of geostationary satellites operating in the 7- and 8- GHz bands also carry a transponder in this band called the single channel transponder (SCT) that provides communications for emergency action messages to the forces. The Military, Strategic, and Tactical Relay Satellite (MILSTAR) geostationary satellite also has mobile-satellite capability in this band, with a transponder that provides four Air Force Satellite Communications (AFSATCOM IIR) channels and a fleet broadcast channel.
The Navy has launched the next generation mobile satellites, termed the Multiple User Objective System (MUOS) that use the bands 243.525-270.05 MHz and 280-320 MHz. The MUOS is undergoing testing and is not fully operational as of September, 2014. The Navy has awarded contracts for the MUOS, and overall, the MUOS will be $6.4 billion system. The MUOS enables communications to various terminal devices such as handhelds, laptops, and personal communications units. To support legacy systems, the MUOS will use a narrowband system of 64 kbps/channel and below. The MUOS will use wideband-code-division-multiple-access (WCDMA) technology, the same technology as some forms of the third generation (3G) commercial cellphone technology. The capacity is 4 Mbps per antenna beam.
In general, the band 225-328.6 MHz is reserved for military uses by North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), its member nations, and other U.S. allies. The band is harmonized among NATO-member nations for secure communications.
(Information extracted from the NTIA Federal Government Spectrum Use Reports, dated December 1, 2015)
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Frequency Bands |
| Band | Use | Service | Table |
| 225 - 322 MHz | Military mobile-satellite communications | Mobile-satellite | F |
| 335.4 - 399.9 MHz | Military mobile-satellite communications | Mobile-satellite | F |
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Military Aeronautical/ATC Communications and Telemetry (NTIA)
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The military agencies, National Guard units, the Coast Guard, and the FAA are the heaviest users of the band 225-328.6 MHz, using the band for critical air-to-ground-to-air communications systems. The military agencies and National Guard units use the band 225-328.6 MHz for various types of aeronautical communications, e.g., for training flights and air-traffic-control functions such as ground control, approach control, enroute aircraft separation, and in-flight refueling services. The Air Force, Army, Navy, and the FAA have thousands of frequency assignments for air-to-ground-to-air communications in the band 225-328.6 MHz. Most of these assignments are to ground stations.
The Coast Guard uses the band on its maritime search-and-rescue aircraft and other aircraft for air-to-ground-to-air communications. The military agencies, National Guard units, and the FAA make extensive use of the band 225-328.6 MHz which alleviates possible impact of the national airspace civilian air-to-ground-to-air communications operating in the bands within 117.975-137 MHz. Thus, the Federal use of the band 225-328.6 MHz for aeronautical communications plays an important part in national defense and security, and to control the nation's airspace.
The band 225-328.6 MHz is also used for essential communications by a number of other agencies such as NASA, DOE, and DOC. NASA uses the band for aircraft communications, and for International Space Station (ISS) communications during Extravehicular Activity (EVA); and DOC uses the band on National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) hurricane-hunter aircraft, and on ground stations to communicate with other hurricane-hunter aircraft.
The military agencies use the band 225-328.6 MHz for a major tactical communications system to provide anti-jam, secure, frequency-hopping radio communications for tactical air-to-air and air-to-ground-to-air communications. The uses include coordination and vectoring of aircraft to targets, and large scale training exercises.
For example, the major radio communications systems are deployed on all rotary wing aircraft, and are used by all operational aviation units, air traffic services, and units. The radio communications system enables interoperability communications among Air Force, Navy, Army, and NATO units.
The Navy makes extensive use of the band for aeronautical telemetry, and DOE also uses the band for this purpose. The Navy uses the band for flight testing of military aircraft. The military agencies also use this band for telemetry systems for rocket testing.
In generall, the band 225-328.6 MHz is reserved for military uses by North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), its member nations, and other U.S. allies. The band is harmonized among NATO-member nations for secure communications.
(Information extracted from the NTIA Federal Government Spectrum Use Reports, dated December 1, 2015)
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Frequency Bands |
| Band | Use | Service | Table |
| 225 - 328.6 MHz | Military aeronautical communications and telemetry | Mobile | F |
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Automated Maritime Telecommunications System (AMTS)
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According to the FCC:
"Automated Maritime Telecommunications System (AMTS) stations are a special type of public coast station. The AMTS service was established in 1981 as an alternative to traditional VHF public coast service, primarily to meet the specialized needs of tugs, barges, and other commercial vessels on inland waterways. AMTS stations, which use 217/219 MHz frequencies, were intended primarily to provide public correspondence service to such vessels, but in an integrated manner not readily available from individual VHF public coast stations. AMTS public coast stations also may provide private radio service under certain circumstances, and have limited authority to provide service to units on land. An AMTS licensee may lease all or part of the spectrum usage rights associated with the license."
AMTS stations are located close in frequency to TV channel 13 (210-216 MHz) and channel 10 (192-198 MHz). According to the FCC:
"Section 80.475(a) of the Commission’s Rules requires an applicant proposing to locate an AMTS station within 169 kilometers (105 miles) of a Channel 13 television station, or within 129 kilometers (80 miles) of a Channel 10 television station, to submit "an engineering study clearly showing the means of avoiding interference with television reception within the Grade B contour.” If there are at least one hundred residences within both the proposed AMTS station’s predicted interference contour and the television station’s Grade B contour, the AMTS applicant must also (1) show that its proposed site is the only suitable location, (2) develop a plan to control any interference its operations cause within the Grade B contour, and (3) agree to make any necessary adjustments to affected television receivers to eliminate such interference. Any AMTS licensee that, despite these precautions, causes interference to television reception within the Grade B contour must cure the problem within 90 days of the time it is notified in writing by the Commission or discontinue operation of the station."
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Paired Frequency Bands |
| Paired Bands | Use | Service | Table |
| 217 - 217.5 MHz | AMTS B Block Coast Transmit | Mobile | N |
| 219 - 219.5 MHz | AMTS B Block Ship Transmit | Mobile | N |
| 217.5 - 218 MHz | AMTS A Block Coast Transmit | Mobile | N |
| 219.5 - 220 MHz | AMTS A Block Ship Transmit | Mobile | N |
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Positive Train Control
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According to the Federal Railroad Administration:
"In 2008, Congress required Class I Railroad mainlines handling poisonous-inhalation-hazard materials and any railroad main lines with regularly scheduled intercity and commuter rail passenger service to fully implement Positive Train Control by December 31, 2015. PTC uses communication-based/processor-based train control technology that provides a system capable of reliably and functionally preventing train-to-train collisions, overspeed derailments, incursions into established work zone limits, and the movement of a train through a main line switch in the wrong position.
"In late 2015, Congress extended the deadline by at least three years to December 31, 2018, with the possibility for two additional years if certain requirements are met. The new legislation, the PTC Enforcement and Implementation Act, required that railroads submit a revised PTC Implementation Plan (PTCIP) by January 26, 2016, outlining when and how the railroad would have a system fully installed and activated."
There are no formally-adopted standard frequency bands or designated frequencies for PTC, although frequencies in the ~220 MHz range are becoming the de facto standard. PTC may make use of channels belonging to various services spanning the 217-222 MHz range, including frequencies allotted for the 218-219 MHz Service (formerly the Interactive Video and Data Service (IVDS)) and the Automated Maritime Telecommunications System (AMTS). In fact, the challenge of obtaining sufficient spectrum is one of the reasons cited for delayed implementation of PTC.
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Frequency Bands |
| Band | Use | Service | Table |
| 217 - 222 MHz | Positive Train Control (PTC) | - | N |
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Military Battle Simulation Systems (NTIA)
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The military agencies use the band for research, development, testing, and evaluation of various types of communications and sensing systems. The military agencies operate training center instrumentation systems in this band for data links connecting battle simulation systems on participants' platforms (airborne, shipborne, or surface) to central processing facilities.
In general, the band 225-328.6 MHz is reserved for military uses by North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), its member nations, and other U.S. allies. The band is harmonized among NATO-member nations for secure communications.
(Information extracted from the NTIA Federal Government Spectrum Use Reports, dated December 1, 2015)
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Frequency Bands |
| Band | Use | Service | Table |
| 225 - 328.6 MHz | Military battle simulation systems | Mobile | F |
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