An RFID system consists of an interrogator and a transponder, and is used for identification and data capture. RFID systems are used for a very wide range of applications, including:
Highway tolls
Vehicle tracking
Container tracking
Inventory control & theft prevention (often used to prevent shoplifting)
Healthcare (patient & drug tracking)
Passports
ID cards
Building entry
Livestock & pet tracking
and numerous other applications.
RFID tags can be extremely small devices with little or no internal power, which respond to an interrogation by utilizing some of the RF energy imparted by the interrogator; or they can be larger powered units that can be interrogated over larger distances.
The ITU is in the process of attempting to harmonize RFID bands, since RFID systems are used for global commerce. ITU Study Group 1 (Working Party 1B) is drafting a new ITU-R Recommendation on RFID.
ISO/IEC18000 is the principal standard for the RFID air interface.
RFID systems typically operate in ISM and unlicensed bands.
The bands listed below represent the totality of the various bands presently used around the world. The exact bands used in specific countries may vary (and is what the ITU is attempting to harmonize).
|
Frequency Bands |
| Band | Use | Service | Table |
| 9 - 135 kHz | RFID (inductive systems) | - | - |
| 13553 - 13567 kHz | RFID (inductive systems) | - | - |
| 433.05 - 434.79 MHz | RFID (often used for tracking shipping containers) | - | - |
| 860 - 960 MHz | RFID (ITU Regions 1 & 3) | - | - |
| 902 - 928 MHz | RFID (ITU Region 2) | - | - |
| 2400 - 2500 MHz | RFID | - | - |
| 5725 - 5875 MHz | RFID | - | - |
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