are also designated for industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) applications. Radiocommunication services operating within these bands must accept harmful interference which may be caused by these applications. ISM equipment operating in these bands is subject to the provisions of No. 15.13.

US41 In the band 2450-2500 MHz, the Federal radiolocation service is permitted on condition that harmful interference is not caused to non-Federal services.

SpectrumWiki

Globalstar (MSS, ATC, & TLPS)

The Globalstar mobile-satellite service (MSS) system uses spectrum in the L and S bands for uplink and downlink transmissions, respectively. Globalstar has been granted authority to utilize portions of its bands for Ancillary Terrestrial Component (ATC) transmissions.

Globalstar's downlink spectrum includes the upper half of Wi-Fi channel 14. In the U.S., use of channel 14 is therefore not allowed. Globalstar had petitioned the FCC to allow it access to channel 14 (including the half outside of its licensed spectrum) to provide its own proprietary "Terrestrial Low Power Service" (TLPS), but it settled for providing this service within its own assignment.

Paired Frequency Bands
Paired Bands	Use	Service	Table
1610 - 1617.775 MHz	Globalstar ATC mobile-to-base	Mobile	N
2483.5 - 2495 MHz	Globalstar ATC base-to-mobile	Mobile	N
1610 - 1618.725 MHz	Globalstar uplink	Mobile-satellite	N
2483.5 - 2500 MHz	Globalstar downlink	Mobile-satellite (space-to-Earth)	N
5096 - 5250 MHz	Globalstar feeder links (uplink)	Fixed-satellite	N
6875 - 7055 MHz	Globalstar feeder links (downlink)	Fixed-satellite (space-to-Earth)	N

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Industrial, Scientific, and Medical Devices (ISM, FCC Part 18)

Part 18 (section 18.301) of the FCC rules designate certain bands for high-power Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) devices. These devices generate significant radio energy, but not for telecommunications purposes. Examples includes microwave ovens, industrial heaters, medical diathermy, jewelry cleaners, and RFID tags.

ISM devices may be operated in most frequency bands subject to strict power limits, but are allowed unlimited power in these eleven specially-designated ISM bands.

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
6765 - 6795 kHz	ISM	-	-
13553 - 13567 kHz	ISM	-	-
26957 - 27120 kHz	ISM	-	-
40.66 - 40.7 MHz	ISM	-	-
902 - 928 MHz	ISM	-	-
2400 - 2500 MHz	ISM (particularly microwave ovens)	-	-
5725 - 5875 MHz	ISM	-	-
24 - 24.25 GHz	ISM	-	-
61 - 61.5 GHz	ISM	-	-
122 - 123 GHz	ISM	-	-
244 - 246 GHz	ISM	-	-

External Links:

47 CFR 18.301

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Unlicensed bands

Although these bands are allocated for ISM use, e.g. microwave ovens and industrial equipment, a major use has been unlicensed (Part 15) systems such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and ZigBee. In the period 1995-2005, most of the cordless phones marketed in the US were in the 902-928 MHz band, but conflicts with the other uses and availability of DECT equipment has greatly decreased sales of 902-928 MHz cordless phones.

The rules for these bands sprung from FCC Docket 81-413 which sought to end an implicit prohibition of spread spectrum/CDMA technology that resulted from a focus on FDMA spectrum uses. This resulted in rules adopted in 1985 that allow unlicensed spread spectrum systems to use these bands for almost any possible application subject to a 1W power limit and a power spectral density limit. Initial applications, however, were limited to frequency hopping and "direct sequence" modulations, the latter being subject to ill-defined spreading and processing gain requirements.

An FCC rulemaking in 2002, in ET Docket No. 99-231, dropped the spreading and processing gain requirements, and permitted any digital modulation that meets the power and power spectral density limits. The immediate effect was to authorize Wi-Fi products under standard IEEE 802.11g. Subsequent Wi-Fi standards, including n and ac, were eligible for certification with no further rule changes.

Bluetooth is authorized under the original 1985 frequency hopping provisions.

The 2400 and 5800 MHz bands are used for Wi-Fi.

A good history is "The Innovation Journey of Wi-Fi: The Road To Global Success" by Wolter Lemstra, Vic Hayes, John Groenewegen; Cambridge University Press, 2010.

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
902 - 928 MHz	900 MHz unlicensed band	-	-
2400 - 2483.5 MHz	Unlicensed band (commonly used by Wi-Fi)	-	-
5725 - 5850 MHz	Unlicensed band (commonly used by Wi-Fi)	-	-

External Links:

FCC order authorizing any digital modulation

Early history

1985 FCC approval of first rules

FCC order authorizing any digital modulation

The Innovation Journey of Wi-Fi: The Road To Global Success

1981 FCC discussion of original proposals

FCC order authorizing any digital modulation

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Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave

These bands are permitted for use by common carrier fixed point-to-point microwave systems under Part 101, Subparts C & I of the FCC rules.

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
2450 - 2500 MHz	Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave	Fixed	N
3700 - 4200 MHz	Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave (max bandwidth 20 MHz)	Fixed	N
5925 - 6425 MHz	Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave (max bandwidth 30 MHz)	Fixed	N
6425 - 6525 MHz	Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave (max bandwidth 25 MHz)	Fixed	N
6525 - 6875 MHz	Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave (max bandwidth 30 MHz)	Fixed	N
10.55 - 10.68 GHz	Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave	Fixed	N
10.7 - 11.7 GHz	Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave (max bandwidth 40 MHz)	Fixed	N
13.2 - 13.25 GHz	Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave (max bandwidth 25 MHz)	Fixed	N
17.7 - 18.58 GHz	Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave (max bandwidth 220 MHz)	Fixed	N
18.58 - 18.82 GHz	Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave (max bandwidth 20 MHz)	Fixed	N
18.82 - 18.92 GHz	Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave (max bandwidth 10 MHz)	Fixed	N
18.92 - 19.16 GHz	Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave (max bandwidth 20 MHz)	Fixed	N
19.16 - 19.26 GHz	Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave (max bandwidth 10 MHz)	Fixed	N
19.26 - 19.7 GHz	Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave (max bandwidth 220 MHz)	Fixed	N
21.2 - 23.6 GHz	Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave (max bandwidth 50 MHz)	Fixed	N

External Links:

FCC NPRM and NOI on Backhaul (FCC 10-146)

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Radiofrequency Identification (RFID)

An RFID system consists of an interrogator and a transponder, and is used for identification and data capture. RFID systems are used for a very wide range of applications, including:

Highway tolls
Vehicle tracking
Container tracking
Inventory control & theft prevention (often used to prevent shoplifting)
Healthcare (patient & drug tracking)
Passports
ID cards
Building entry
Livestock & pet tracking

and numerous other applications.

RFID tags can be extremely small devices with little or no internal power, which respond to an interrogation by utilizing some of the RF energy imparted by the interrogator; or they can be larger powered units that can be interrogated over larger distances.

The ITU is in the process of attempting to harmonize RFID bands, since RFID systems are used for global commerce. ITU Study Group 1 (Working Party 1B) is drafting a new ITU-R Recommendation on RFID.

ISO/IEC18000 is the principal standard for the RFID air interface.

RFID systems typically operate in ISM and unlicensed bands.

The bands listed below represent the totality of the various bands presently used around the world. The exact bands used in specific countries may vary (and is what the ITU is attempting to harmonize).

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
9 - 135 kHz	RFID (inductive systems)	-	-
13553 - 13567 kHz	RFID (inductive systems)	-	-
433.05 - 434.79 MHz	RFID (often used for tracking shipping containers)	-	-
860 - 960 MHz	RFID (ITU Regions 1 & 3)	-	-
902 - 928 MHz	RFID (ITU Region 2)	-	-
2400 - 2500 MHz	RFID	-	-
5725 - 5875 MHz	RFID	-	-

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802.11/WLAN/Wi-Fi/WiGig

Wireless LANS utilize various channels in the 2.4, 5, and 6 GHz bands (multiple countries), and (in theory) the 3.6 GHz band (U.S. only). For a list of which channels are available in which regions, refer to the Wikipedia article.

Wi-Fi is a trademark permitted for devices that are based upon a published standard of the IEEE 802.11 committee and that have been certified by the Wi-Fi Alliance. Wi-Fi is presently incorporated in about three billion devices. Wireless cash registers were one of the earliest applications of what is now Wi-Fi.

Wi-Fi devices operate on an unlicensed basis, generally meaning they cannot cause interference to licensed services, and must accept any interference caused to them. Wi-Fi shares bands with other unlicensed or ISM devices, such as cordless phones at 2.4 and 5.8 GHz and microwave ovens at 2.4 GHz.

Some of the key patents related to Wi-Fi are credited (in the courts at least) to the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) in Australia, which has collected over $400 million in royalties and legal settlements over patent rights.

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
2400 - 2495 MHz	Wireless LANs	-	-
3655 - 3700 MHz	Wireless LANS (U.S. only; standardized but not used)	-	-
4910 - 4990 MHz	Wireless LANs (Japan) (U.S. public safety 4940-4990)	-	-
5030 - 5090 MHz	WLANs (Japan, 2002-2017)	-	-
5150 - 5350 MHz	Wireless LANs (U-NII-1 and U-NII-2A)	-	-
5470 - 5895 MHz	Wireless LANs (U-NII-2C, U-NII-3, U-NII-4)	-	-
5925 - 7125 MHz	Wireless LANs (U-NII-5, U-NII-6, U-NII-7, U-NII-8)	-	-
42.39 - 46.71 GHz	Wireless LANs (WiGig)	-	-
57.24 - 74.52 GHz	Wireless LANs (WiGig)	-	-

External Links:

List of WLAN Channels (Wikipedia)

Wi-Fi Alliance

IEEE 802.11 Committee

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Bluetooth

Bluetooth is a very short-range "piconet" standard for the wireless exchange of data between devices. According to the Bluetooth standard, the technology is "intended to replace the cable(s) connecting portable and/or fixed electronic devices."

Bluetooth uses 79 channels, each separated by 1 MHz, across the 2.4 GHz unlicensed band (2400-2483.5 MHz). Devices utilize frequency hopping among the 79 available channels, avoiding channels with interference due to other unlicensed and ISM devices operating in the band, such as Wi-Fi, microwave ovens, and cordless phones.

The power output of a Bluetooth device is 1-100 mW (Class 1 device), 0.25-2.5 mW (Class 2), and 1 mW or less (Class 3).

The instantaneous bandwidth of a Bluetooth transmission is defined such that the measured power in a 100 kHz bandwidth 500 kHz removed from the center frequency is at least 20 dB below the total carrier power. The standard hopping rate for Bluetooth is 1600 hops/second, and a maximum hopping rate of 3200 hops/second is employed in some modes.

The RF channel k has a frequency of 2402 + k MHz, k=0,...,78.

Channelized Frequencies
Frequency	Bandwidth	Channel	Use	Service	Table
2402 MHz	1 MHz	0	Bluetooth channel 0	-	-
2403 MHz	1 MHz	1	Bluetooth channel 1	-	-
2404 MHz	1 MHz	2	Bluetooth channel 2	-	-
2405 MHz	1 MHz	3	Bluetooth channel 3	-	-
2406 MHz	1 MHz	4	Bluetooth channel 4	-	-
2407 MHz	1 MHz	5	Bluetooth channel 5	-	-
2408 MHz	1 MHz	6	Bluetooth channel 6	-	-
2409 MHz	1 MHz	7	Bluetooth channel 7	-	-
2410 MHz	1 MHz	8	Bluetooth channel 8	-	-
2411 MHz	1 MHz	9	Bluetooth channel 9	-	-
2412 MHz	1 MHz	10	Bluetooth channel 10	-	-
2413 MHz	1 MHz	11	Bluetooth channel 11	-	-
2414 MHz	1 MHz	12	Bluetooth channel 12	-	-
2415 MHz	1 MHz	13	Bluetooth channel 13	-	-
2416 MHz	1 MHz	14	Bluetooth channel 14	-	-
2417 MHz	1 MHz	15	Bluetooth channel 15	-	-
2418 MHz	1 MHz	16	Bluetooth channel 16	-	-
2419 MHz	1 MHz	17	Bluetooth channel 17	-	-
2420 MHz	1 MHz	18	Bluetooth channel 18	-	-
2421 MHz	1 MHz	19	Bluetooth channel 19	-	-
2422 MHz	1 MHz	20	Bluetooth channel 20	-	-
2423 MHz	1 MHz	21	Bluetooth channel 21	-	-
2424 MHz	1 MHz	22	Bluetooth channel 22	-	-
2425 MHz	1 MHz	23	Bluetooth channel 23	-	-
2426 MHz	1 MHz	24	Bluetooth channel 24	-	-
2427 MHz	1 MHz	25	Bluetooth channel 25	-	-
2428 MHz	1 MHz	26	Bluetooth channel 26	-	-
2429 MHz	1 MHz	27	Bluetooth channel 27	-	-
2430 MHz	1 MHz	28	Bluetooth channel 28	-	-
2431 MHz	1 MHz	29	Bluetooth channel 29	-	-
2432 MHz	1 MHz	30	Bluetooth channel 30	-	-
2433 MHz	1 MHz	31	Bluetooth channel 31	-	-
2434 MHz	1 MHz	32	Bluetooth channel 32	-	-
2435 MHz	1 MHz	33	Bluetooth channel 33	-	-
2436 MHz	1 MHz	34	Bluetooth channel 34	-	-
2436 MHz	1 MHz	35	Bluetooth channel 35	-	-
2438 MHz	1 MHz	36	Bluetooth channel 36	-	-
2439 MHz	1 MHz	37	Bluetooth channel 37	-	-
2440 MHz	1 MHz	38	Bluetooth channel 38	-	-
2441 MHz	1 MHz	39	Bluetooth channel 39	-	-
2442 MHz	1 MHz	40	Bluetooth channel 40	-	-
2443 MHz	1 MHz	41	Bluetooth channel 41	-	-
2444 MHz	1 MHz	42	Bluetooth channel 42	-	-
2445 MHz	1 MHz	43	Bluetooth channel 43	-	-
2446 MHz	1 MHz	44	Bluetooth channel 44	-	-
2447 MHz	1 MHz	45	Bluetooth channel 45	-	-
2448 MHz	1 MHz	46	Bluetooth channel 46	-	-
2449 MHz	1 MHz	47	Bluetooth channel 47	-	-
2450 MHz	1 MHz	48	Bluetooth channel 48	-	-
2451 MHz	1 MHz	49	Bluetooth channel 49	-	-
2452 MHz	1 MHz	50	Bluetooth channel 50	-	-
2453 MHz	1 MHz	51	Bluetooth channel 51	-	-
2454 MHz	1 MHz	52	Bluetooth channel 52	-	-
2455 MHz	1 MHz	53	Bluetooth channel 53	-	-
2456 MHz	1 MHz	54	Bluetooth channel 54	-	-
2457 MHz	1 MHz	55	Bluetooth channel 55	-	-
2458 MHz	1 MHz	56	Bluetooth channel 56	-	-
2459 MHz	1 MHz	57	Bluetooth channel 57	-	-
2460 MHz	1 MHz	58	Bluetooth channel 58	-	-
2461 MHz	1 MHz	59	Bluetooth channel 59	-	-
2462 MHz	1 MHz	60	Bluetooth channel 60	-	-
2463 MHz	1 MHz	61	Bluetooth channel 61	-	-
2464 MHz	1 MHz	62	Bluetooth channel 62	-	-
2465 MHz	1 MHz	63	Bluetooth channel 63	-	-
2466 MHz	1 MHz	64	Bluetooth channel 64	-	-
2467 MHz	1 MHz	65	Bluetooth channel 65	-	-
2468 MHz	1 MHz	66	Bluetooth channel 66	-	-
2469 MHz	1 MHz	67	Bluetooth channel 67	-	-
2470 MHz	1 MHz	68	Bluetooth channel 68	-	-
2471 MHz	1 MHz	69	Bluetooth channel 69	-	-
2472 MHz	1 MHz	70	Bluetooth channel 70	-	-
2473 MHz	1 MHz	71	Bluetooth channel 71	-	-
2474 MHz	1 MHz	72	Bluetooth channel 72	-	-
2475 MHz	1 MHz	73	Bluetooth channel 73	-	-
2476 MHz	1 MHz	74	Bluetooth channel 74	-	-
2477 MHz	1 MHz	75	Bluetooth channel 75	-	-
2478 MHz	1 MHz	76	Bluetooth channel 76	-	-
2479 MHz	1 MHz	77	Bluetooth channel 77	-	-
2480 MHz	1 MHz	78	Bluetooth channel 78	-	-

External Links:

Bluetooth Core Specification Version 4.0 (30 June 2010)

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Amateur Radio (13 cm Band)

The band 2300-2450 MHz is allocated on a secondary basis to amateur radio in all three ITU regions. According to the ITU, this band is used for short-range communications and for experimentation.

By virtue of 5.282, in the band 2400-2450 MHz, the amateur-satellite service may operate subject to not causing harmful interference to other services operating in accordance with the Table.

In the United States, only the sub-bands 2300-2310 and 2390-2450 MHz are allocated to the amateur service. The ARRL has adopted the following band plan:

2300.0-2303.0 High-rate data
2303.0-2303.5 Packet
2303.5-2303.8 TTY packet
2303.9-2303.9 Packet, TTY, CW, EME
2303.9-2304.1 CW, EME
2304.1 Calling frequency
2304.1-2304.2 CW, EME, SSB
2304.2-2304.3 SSB, SSTV, FAX, Packet AM, Amtor
2304.30-2304.32 Propagation beacon network
2304.32-2304.40 General propagation beacons
2304.4-2304.5 SSB, SSTV, ACSSB, FAX, Packet AM, Amtor experimental
2304.5-2304.7 Crossband linear translator input
2304.7-2304.9 Crossband linear translator output
2304.9-2305.0 Experimental beacons
2305.0-2305.2 FM simplex (25 kHz spacing)
2305.20 FM simplex calling frequency
2305.2-2306.0 FM simplex (25 kHz spacing)
2306.0-2309.0 FM Repeaters (25 kHz) input
2309.0-2310.0 Control and auxiliary links
2390.0-2396.0 Fast-scan TV
2396.0-2399.0 High-rate data
2399.0-2399.5 Packet
2399.5-2400.0 Control and auxiliary links
2400.0-2403.0 Satellite
2403.0-2408.0 Satellite high-rate data
2408.0-2410.0 Satellite
2410.0-2413.0 FM repeaters (25 kHz) output
2413.0-2418.0 High-rate data
2418.0-2430.0 Fast-scan TV
2430.0-2433.0 Satellite
2433.0-2438.0 Satellite high-rate data
2438.0-2450.0 WB FM, FSTV, FMTV, SS experimental

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
2300 - 2450 MHz	Amateur radio 13 cm band	AM	N

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WRC-27 consideration of MSS space-to-space links

WRC-27 agenda item 1.11:

to consider the technical and operational issues, and regulatory provisions, for space-to-space links among non-geostationary and geostationary satellites in the frequency bands 1 518-1 544 MHz,
1 545-1 559 MHz, 1 610-1 645.5 MHz, 1 646.5-1 660 MHz, 1 670-1 675 MHz and 2 483.5-2 500 MHz allocated to the mobile-satellite service, in accordance with Resolution 249 (Rev.WRC-23)

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
1518 - 1544 MHz	WRC-27 consideration of MSS space-to-space links	Mobile-satellite	-
1545 - 1559 MHz	WRC-27 consideration of MSS space-to-space links	Mobile-satellite	-
1610 - 1645.5 MHz	WRC-27 consideration of MSS space-to-space links	Mobile-satellite	-
1646.5 - 1660 MHz	WRC-27 consideration of MSS space-to-space links	Mobile-satellite	-
1670 - 1675 MHz	WRC-27 consideration of MSS space-to-space links	Mobile-satellite	-
2483.5 - 2500 MHz	WRC-27 consideration of MSS space-to-space links	Mobile-satellite	-

External Links:

WRC-27 agenda (see Annex 1)

Resolution 249 (WRC-23)

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Google Project Loon

Starting in June 2013, Google is experimenting with bringing broadband Internet service to remote areas through the use of high-altitude balloons. The service uses the 2.4 and 5.8 GHz ISM bands for both service and backhaul. Google is first experimenting with the service in New Zealand, and claims that 3G-like speeds are achievable.

More information is available on the Google Project Loon Web site (link below)

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
2400 - 2500 MHz	Project Loon	-	-
5725 - 5875 MHz	Project Loon	-	-

External Links:

Project Loon (Google)

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Related Documents, Links, and Multimedia:

Occupancy Measurements (10)

Band Plan (1)

Engineering Data

	Lower Frequency	Center Frequency	Upper Frequency
Frequency	2450 MHz	2466.75 MHz	2483.5 MHz
Wavelength	12.2 cm	12.2 cm	12.1 cm
Band designator(s)	UHF; S-band (IEEE)	UHF; S-band (IEEE)	UHF; S-band (IEEE)
Isotropic collecting area	11.9 cm²	11.8 cm²	11.6 cm²
Free space loss (1 m)	40.2 dB	40.3 dB	40.4 dB
Free space loss (1 km)	100.2 dB	100.3 dB	100.4 dB
Free space loss (10 km)	120.2 dB	120.3 dB	120.4 dB
Free space loss (100 km)	140.2 dB	140.3 dB	140.4 dB
Free space loss (1000 km)	160.2 dB	160.3 dB	160.4 dB
Free space loss (35,786 km = GEO orbit)	191.3 dB	191.4 dB	191.4 dB
Free space loss (378,370 km = Moon)	211.8 dB	211.9 dB	211.9 dB