| |
|
|
In FCC 23-76 (2023), the FCC modified their rules to increase the amount of spectrum available to non-government space operations:
"[W]e adopt a new secondary allocation in the 2025-2110 MHz band for non-Federal space operations, remove the restriction on use of the 2200-2290 MHz secondary non-Federal space operation allocation to four specific sub channels to make the entire 2200-2290 MHz band available, add a non Federal secondary mobile allocation to the 2200-2290 MHz band, and adopt licensing and technical rules for space launch operations. Additionally, we amend the allocation for the 399.9-400.05 MHz band to permit the deployment of Federal space stations. We also seek further comment on whether to adopt licensing and operating rules for payload activities as well as on modifying our existing 2360-2395 MHz space launch rules and on possible additional licensing provisions for sub-orbital launch vehicles. These actions will encourage the continued development of a robust U.S. commercial space sector to the benefit of national interests in security, prosperity, and science."
|
Frequency Bands |
| Band | Use | Service | Table |
| 399.9 - 400.05 MHz | Federal space stations | Mobile-satellite | F |
| 2025 - 2110 MHz | Non-federal space operations | Space Operation | N |
| 2200 - 2290 MHz | Non-federal space operations | Space Operation | N |
| 2360 - 2395 MHz | Possible space operation allocation | Space Operation | N |
Display in a New page
Edit
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
According to the U.S. Space Force:
"PAVE Phased Array Warning System (PAWS) Radars are maintained by the U.S. Space Force. These radars are capable of detecting Submarine Launched Ballistic Missile (SLBM) attacks and conducting general space surveillance and satellite tracking. PAVE is a military program identification code.
"The PAVE PAWS are ground based phased array radars located on the west and east coasts of the U.S.
"Missile warning and attack characterization data is sent to the U.S. Missile Warning and Space Control Centers, the U.S. National Military Command Center and U.S. Strategic Command. Satellite tracking data is sent to the Combined Space Operations Center (CSpOC) for processing."
PAVE PAWS is a high-power phased array radar operated by the U.S. military to detect intercontinental ballistic missiles. There are presently (2024) three operating PAVE PAWS sites at Clear, AK, Cape Cod, MA, and Beale AFB, CA. The PAVE PAWS radar is also known by its government designator, AN/FPS-115.
According to the spec sheet at the fas.org Web site, PAVE PAWS has a peak/average transmit power of 582/146 kW, antenna gain of 38 dBi, and an operational range of 3,000 nm (about 5500 km).
PAVE PAWS radars are also capable of detecting echoes off of Earth-orbiting space debris.
|
Frequency Bands |
| Band | Use | Service | Table |
| 420 - 450 MHz | PAVE PAWS radar | Radiolocation | F |
Display in a New page
Edit
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3GPP is the global standards organization for 4G LTE and 5G NR radio technologies. It designates multiple bands throughout the radio spectrum for 4G/5G use. Different combinations of bands are used in different countries and regions.
Bands designated with a "B" are standardized for 4G LTE; bands designated with an "N" are 5G. Some bands are designated for both.
Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) uses paired bands, where one band is used for downlink (DL) transmissions from the base station to the user terminal (i.e., handset), and the other band is used for uplink (UL) transmissions from the user terminal to the base station.
Time Division Duplex (TDD) uses the same band for both uplink and downlink, which share the same frequency in time over ~millisecond timescales.
|
Frequency Bands |
| Band | Use | Service | Table |
| 703 - 803 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE TDD Band 44 (APAC) | Mobile | - |
| 703 - 748 MHz | 3GPP 5GNR Band 83 Supplemental Uplink | Mobile | - |
| 717 - 728 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE and 5G NR Supplemental Downlink Band 29/N29 (North America) | Mobile | - |
| 738 - 758 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE and 5G NR Supplemental Downlink Band 67/N67 | Mobile | - |
Paired Frequency Bands |
| Paired Bands | Use | Service | Table |
| 410 - 415 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE FDD band B87 Uplink (EU PPDR PMR/PMAR) | Mobile | - |
| 420 - 425 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE FDD band 87 Downlink (EU PPDR PMR/PMAR) | Mobile | - |
| 412 - 417 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE FDD band B88 Uplink (EU PPDR PMR/PMAR) | Mobile | - |
| 422 - 427 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE FDD band 88 Downlink (EU PPDR PMR/PMAR) | Mobile | - |
| 450 - 455 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE FDD band 73 Uplink (China) | Mobile | - |
| 460 - 465 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE FDD band 73 Downlink (China) | Mobile | - |
| 451 - 456 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE FDD band 72 Uplink (Europe) | Mobile | - |
| 461 - 466 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE FDD band 72 Downlink (Europe) | Mobile | - |
| 452.5 - 457.5 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE FDD band 31 Uplink (Brazil) | Mobile | - |
| 462.5 - 467.5 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE FDD band 31 Downlink (Brazil) | Mobile | - |
| 612 - 652 MHz | 3GPP 5GNR FDD band N105 Downlink (APT 600) | Mobile | - |
| 663 - 703 MHz | 3GPP 5GNR FDD band N105 Uplink (APT 600) | Mobile | - |
| 617 - 652 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE & 5GNR FDD band 71/N71 Downlink (North America) | Mobile | - |
| 663 - 698 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE & 5GNR FDD band 71/N71 Uplink (North America) | Mobile | - |
| 698 - 728 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE FDD Band 68 Uplink | Mobile | - |
| 753 - 783 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE FDD Band 68 Downlink | Mobile | - |
| 698 - 716 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE & 5GNR FDD band 85/N85 Uplink | Mobile | - |
| 728 - 746 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE & 5GNR FDD band 85/N85 Downlink | Mobile | - |
| 699 - 716 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE & 5GNR FDD Band 12/N12 Uplink (U.S.) | Mobile | - |
| 729 - 746 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE & 5GNR FDD Band 12/N12 Downlink (U.S.) | Mobile | - |
| 703 - 748 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE & 5GNR FDD Band 28/N28 Uplink (APAC) | Mobile | - |
| 758 - 803 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE & 5GNR FDD Band 28/N28 Downlink (APAC) | Mobile | - |
| 704 - 716 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE FDD Band 17 Uplink (North America; 700 MHz A Block) | Mobile | - |
| 734 - 746 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE FDD Band 17 Downlink (North America; 700 MHz A Block) | Mobile | - |
| 746 - 756 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE and 5GNR FDD Band 13 Downlink (North America; 700 MHz C Block) | Mobile | - |
| 777 - 787 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE and 5GNR FDD Band 13 Uplink (North America; 700 MHz C Block) | Mobile | - |
| 757.1 - 757.9 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE Band 103 Downlink (narrowband IoT only) | Mobile | - |
| 787.1 - 787.9 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE Band 103 Uplink (narrowband IoT only) | Mobile | - |
| 758 - 768 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE & 5G NR Band 14/N14 Downlink (North America) | Mobile | - |
| 788 - 798 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE & 5G NR Band 14/N14 Uplink (North America) | Mobile | - |
| 807 - 824 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE Band 27 Uplink | Mobile | - |
| 852 - 869 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE Band 27 Downlink | Mobile | - |
| 791 - 821 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE & 5G NR Band 20/N20 Downlink (Europe) | Mobile | - |
| 832 - 862 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE & 5G NR Band 20/N20 Uplink (Europe) | Mobile | - |
Display in a New page
Edit
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NASA communicates with the Voyager spacecraft using NASA's Deep Space Network.
Voyager 1 is currently the farthest human-made object from Earth, at a distance of over 15 billion miles. At the speed of light, radio signals take approximately 23 hours to span that distance. The spacecraft is travelling at approximately 38,000 mph relative to the Earth.
Please see the referenced book chapter for details on the communication systems for the Voyager spacecraft.
|
Frequencies |
| Frequency | Bandwidth | Use | Service | Table |
| 2113.3125 MHz | 100 kHz | Voyager 2 Uplink | Space Research | - |
| 2114.676697 MHz | 100 kHz | Voyager 1 Uplink | Space Research | - |
| 2295 MHz | 100 kHz | Voyager 2 Coherent Downlink | Space Research | - |
| 2295 MHz | 100 kHz | Voyager 1 Non-Coherent Downlink | Space Research | - |
| 2296.481481 MHz | 100 kHz | Voyager 2 Non-Coherent Downlink | Space Research | - |
| 2296.481481 MHz | 100 kHz | Voyager 1 Coherent Downlink | Space Research | - |
| 8415 MHz | 100 kHz | Voyager 2 Coherent Downlink | Space Research | - |
| 8415 MHz | 100 kHz | Voyager 1 Non-Coherent Downlink | Space Research | - |
| 8420.432097 MHz | 100 kHz | Voyager 2 Non-Coherent Downlink | Space Research | - |
| 8420.432097 MHz | 100 kHz | Voyager 1 Coherent Downlink | Space Research | - |
Display in a New page
Edit
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
According to the FCC (FCC 15-38):
"In 1997, the Commission developed a band plan making 1,300 megahertz of LMDS spectrum in each basic trading area (BTA) across the United States. Specifically, the Commission allocated two LMDS licenses per BTA -- an "A Block" and a "B Block" in each. The A Block license is comprised of 1,150 megahertz of total bandwidth, and the B Block is comprised of 150 megahertz of total bandwidth...Of the 986 designated license areas (492 BTAs times two licenses per BTA), 416 areas have active licenses, which cover about 75 percent of the U.S. population."
LMDS was originally envisioned as a fixed broadband point-to-multipoint microwave service. LMDS spectrum was auctioned in 1998 and 1999 for a total of approximately $623 million.
In FCC 15-38,the FCC proposed to open the 27.5-28.35 GHz LMDS spectrum for broadband mobile communications. In 2016 the Commission converted licenses for the 27.5 – 28.35 GHz band portion of the A Block to the Upper Microwave Flexible Use Service (UMFUS), and granted mobile rights to the existing licensees.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
By virtue of Part 88 of the FCC's rules, created in 2024, the 5030-5091 MHz band is designated for use by UAS systems in the United States.
According to the FCC (FCC-24-91):
"We enable UAS operators to access dedicated spectrum for control-related communications with the required reliability. Specifically, we adopt new UAS service rules under new rule part 88 that provide operators the ability to obtain direct frequency assignments in a portion of the 5030-5091 MHz band. Under these rules, one or more dynamic frequency management
systems (DFMSs) will manage and coordinate access to the spectrum and enable its safe and efficient use, by providing requesting operators with temporary frequency assignments to support UAS control link communications with a level of reliability suitable for operations in controlled airspace and other safetycritical circumstances. To provide this level of safety and reliability, we are adopting technical requirements drawn from minimum operational performance standards that were developed by an aviation industry standards body specifically to support UAS control links in the 5030-5091 MHz band and were approved by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) for this purpose. To address concerns regarding the impact of these aeronautical operations on adjacent services, we locate these operations, for now, in the central part of the band, with substantial separation from the bands adjacent to the 5030-5091 MHz band. We find wide support for enabling early, direct access to a portion of the band for protected assignments under DFMS coordination, and anticipate that such access will facilitate the safe integration of UAS operations into the NAS so that the United States can realize the enormous potential benefits that UAS operations can provide."
|
Frequency Bands |
| Band | Use | Service | Table |
| 5030 - 5091 MHz | UAS systems | Aeronautical Mobile | - |
Display in a New page
Edit
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LeoLabs operates S-band radars used for tracking Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites under an experimental license from the FCC (W02XXL). The U.S. sites are:
Kermit (WINKLER), TX - NL 31-57-53; WL 103-14-01; MOBILE: Kermit. TX, within 0.2 km, centered around NL 31-57-53; WL 103-14-01
Pearce (COCHISE), AZ - NL 31-52-16; WL 109-30-20; MOBILE: Pearce, AZ, within 0.1 km, centered around NL 31-52-16; WL 109-30-20
Magdalena (SOCORRO), NM - NL 33-43-32; WL 107-11-35; MOBILE: Magdalena, NM, within 0.2 km, centered around NL 33-43-32; WL 107-11-35
Graham Pass Rd, CA - NL 33-36-22; WL 115-02-29; MOBILE: Graham Pass Rd, CA, within 0.1 km, centered around NL 33-36-22; WL 115-02-29
LeoLabs also has experimental licenses (WO2XME and WN2XAM) for UHF radars at Pearce AZ and Kermit TX:
Pearce (COCHISE), AZ - NL 31-52-15; WL 109-30-22
Kermit (WINKLER), TX - NL 31-57-52; WL 103-14-01
LeoLabs also has S-band and UHF experimental licenses at its facilities in Menlo Park CA, and is involved in LEO tracking radars in other areas/countries around the world (Western Australia, Azores, Costa Rica, New Zealand, Poker Flat AK, and Argentina).
|
Frequency Bands |
| Band | Use | Service | Table |
| 430 - 449 MHz | LeoLabs UHF Low Earth Orbit Tracking radar | Radiolocation | - |
| 2930 - 2980 MHz | LeoLabs S-band Low Earth Orbit Tracking radar | Radiolocation | - |
Display in a New page
Edit
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TV white space devices are unlicensed intentional radiators that operate on available TV channels in the broadcast television frequency bands. Channel availability is determined from geospatial information and a TV bands database.
White space devices in the U.S. are governed by Part 15(H) of the FCC's rules. They operate on available TV channels in the broadcast television frequency bands, the 600 MHz band (including the guard bands and duplex gap), and in 608-614 MHz (channel 37).
TV white spaces has not been a commercial success and very few devices are in operation.
|
Frequency Bands |
| Band | Use | Service | Table |
| 54 - 72 MHz | Restricted to mobile/fixed white space devices that communicate with other fixed/mobile white space devices | - | N |
| 76 - 88 MHz | Restricted to mobile/fixed white space devices that communicate with other fixed/mobile white space devices | - | N |
| 174 - 216 MHz | Restricted to mobile/fixed white space devices that communicate with other fixed/mobile white space devices | - | N |
| 470 - 614 MHz | Fixed and personal/portable white space devices | - | N |
| 617 - 652 MHz | Fixed and personal/portable white space devices in areas where 600 MHz licensees are not operating | - | N |
| 657 - 663 MHz | Fixed and personal/portable white space devices in the 600 MHz duplex gap | - | N |
| 663 - 698 MHz | Fixed and personal/portable white space devices in areas where 600 MHz licensees are not operating | - | N |
Display in a New page
Edit
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The 869-894 MHz band (base transmit/mobile receive), paired with the 824-849 MHz band (mobile transmit/base receive) is the original band in which first-generation cellular phone service was first widely deployed in the U.S. It is still used for 2G and 3G cellular services.
The paired band is subdivided into two smaller bands of 2x12.5 MHz each, referred to as the A block and the B block. When cell phone service was first authorized, the A block was assigned to the local exchange carrier, and the B block was assigned to a competitive local exchange carrier.
The cellular service in the United States is governed by Part 22 of the FCC's rules.
|
Paired Frequency Bands |
| Paired Bands | Use | Service | Table |
| 824 - 835 MHz | Cellular A block, mobile transmit/base receive | Land Mobile | N |
| 869 - 880 MHz | Cellular A block, base transmit/mobile receive | Land Mobile | N |
| 835 - 845 MHz | Cellular B block, mobile transmit/base receive | Land Mobile | N |
| 880 - 890 MHz | Cellular B block, base transmit/mobile receive | Land Mobile | N |
| 845 - 846.5 MHz | Cellular A' block, mobile transmit/base receive | Land Mobile | N |
| 890 - 891.5 MHz | Cellular A' block, base transmit/mobile receive | Land Mobile | N |
| 846.5 - 849 MHz | Cellular B' block, mobile transmit/base receive | Land Mobile | N |
| 891.5 - 894 MHz | Cellular B' block, base transmit/mobile receive | Land Mobile | N |
Display in a New page
Edit
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Over-the-air television broadcasting in the United States uses the following spectrum. Each TV channel is 6 MHz wide. Digital broadcasting is by the ATSC standard. Some Low Power Television (LPTV), TV translators, and Class A television stations continue to broadcast in analog mode using the NTSC standard, but are mandated to transition to digital by September 1, 2015; however, the FCC has proposed extending this deadline in document FCC 14-151 (available under the related documents section).
| VHF TV |
| 54-72 MHz: | Channels 2-4 |
| 76-88 MHz: | Channels 5-6 |
| 174-216 MHz: | Channels 7-13 |
| UHF TV |
| 470-512 MHz: | Channels 14-20 (may be used for land mobile in major cities; see below) |
| 512-608 MHz: | Channels 21-36 |
| 608-614 MHz: | Channel 37 (not used for TV broadcasting) |
| 614-698 MHz: | Channels 38-51 |
Portions of channels 14-20 (470-512 MHz) are used by the Private Land Mobile Radio Service (PLMRS) in the following metropolitan areas:
| Boston MA | channels 14 & 16 |
| Chicago IL | channels 14 & 15 |
| Dallas/Ft. Worth TX | channel 16 |
| Houston TX | channel 17 |
| Los Angeles CA | channels 14, 16 & 20 |
| Miami FL | channel 14 |
| New York NY/NE New Jersey | channels 14-16 |
| Philadelphia PA | channels 19 & 20 |
| Pittsburgh PA | channels 14 & 18 |
| San Francisco-Oakland CA | channels 16 & 17 |
| Washington DC | channels 17 & 18 |
PLMRS service is allowed by the FCC's rules in Cleveland OH (14 & 15) and Detroit MI (15 & 16), but interference issues with Canada prevent PLMRS from being deployed there.
A useful characteristic of digital (ATSC) signals is the addition of a narrowband pilot tone on the RF carrier. The pilot tone is at a nominal frequency of 309.440559441 kHz above the bottom edge of the channel, although the FCC may require small frequency offsets on a station-by-station basis to avoid interference between pilot tones of co-channel TV stations. Ancillary uses of the pilot tones include, for example, monitoring for sudden enhanced propagation events, such as meteor burst or sporadic E.
|
Channelized Bands |
| Band | Channel | Use | Service | Table |
| 54 - 60 MHz | 2 | Broadcast Television (VHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 60 - 66 MHz | 3 | Broadcast Television (VHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 66 - 72 MHz | 4 | Broadcast Television (VHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 76 - 82 MHz | 5 | Broadcast Television (VHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 82 - 88 MHz | 6 | Broadcast Television (VHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 174 - 180 MHz | 7 | Broadcast Television (VHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 180 - 186 MHz | 8 | Broadcast Television (VHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 186 - 192 MHz | 9 | Broadcast Television (VHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 192 - 198 MHz | 10 | Broadcast Television (VHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 198 - 204 MHz | 11 | Broadcast Television (VHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 204 - 210 MHz | 12 | Broadcast Television (VHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 210 - 216 MHz | 13 | Broadcast Television (VHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 470 - 476 MHz | 14 | Broadcast Television (UHF) (may be used for land mobile in major metro areas) | Broadcasting | N |
| 476 - 482 MHz | 15 | Broadcast Television (UHF) (may be used for land mobile in major metro areas) | Broadcasting | N |
| 482 - 488 MHz | 16 | Broadcast Television (UHF) (may be used for land mobile in major metro areas) | Broadcasting | N |
| 488 - 494 MHz | 17 | Broadcast Television (UHF) (may be used for land mobile in major metro areas) | Broadcasting | N |
| 494 - 500 MHz | 18 | Broadcast Television (UHF) (may be used for land mobile in major metro areas) | Broadcasting | N |
| 500 - 506 MHz | 19 | Broadcast Television (UHF) (may be used for land mobile in major metro areas) | Broadcasting | N |
| 506 - 512 MHz | 20 | Broadcast Television (UHF) (may be used for land mobile in major metro areas) | Broadcasting | N |
| 512 - 518 MHz | 21 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 518 - 524 MHz | 22 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 524 - 530 MHz | 23 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 530 - 536 MHz | 24 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 536 - 542 MHz | 25 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 542 - 548 MHz | 26 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 548 - 554 MHz | 27 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 554 - 560 MHz | 28 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 560 - 566 MHz | 29 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 566 - 572 MHz | 30 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 572 - 578 MHz | 31 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 578 - 584 MHz | 32 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 584 - 590 MHz | 33 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 590 - 596 MHz | 34 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 596 - 602 MHz | 35 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 602 - 608 MHz | 36 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 614 - 620 MHz | 38 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 620 - 626 MHz | 39 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 626 - 632 MHz | 40 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 632 - 638 MHz | 41 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 638 - 644 MHz | 42 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 644 - 650 MHz | 43 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 650 - 656 MHz | 44 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 656 - 662 MHz | 45 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 662 - 668 MHz | 46 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 668 - 674 MHz | 47 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 674 - 680 MHz | 48 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 680 - 686 MHz | 49 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 686 - 692 MHz | 50 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 692 - 698 MHz | 51 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
Display in a New page
Edit
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The U.S. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) operates various weather satellites. Some of the satellites are geostationary (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites, or GOES), and others are in polar low Earth orbits (Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites, or POES).
The first of the next-generation polar-orbiting satellites, known as Suomi NPP (National Polar-orbiting Partnership), was launched on October 28th, 2011. An additional next-gen satellite launch is scheduled for 2017.
As a result of the 2012 Middle Class Tax Relief and Jobs Creation Act, POES, GOES, and MetOp satellites use some spectrum that is shared by, or adjacent to, the 1695-1710 MHz portion of the AWS-3 spectrum. This segment is used for uplinks from mobile devices to base stations. To mitigate interference to NOAA operations, the government has issued an RFP for an RF Interference Management System (RFIMS), which will be installed at the 17 official NOAA ground stations, listen for interference, and alert mobile network operators in real time that mitigation measures are needed. The RFIMS concept was first proposed by the Commerce Spectrum Management Advisory Committee (CSMAC).
Details of the signals transmitted by the satellites are provided in the linked presentation.
According to NOAA:
NOAA’s most sophisticated Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES), known as the GOES-R Series, provide advanced imagery and atmospheric measurements of Earth’s Western Hemisphere, real-time mapping of lightning activity, and improved monitoring of solar activity and space weather.
GOES satellites orbit 22,236 miles above Earth’s equator, at speeds equal to the Earth's rotation. This allows them to maintain their positions over specific geographic regions so they can provide continuous coverage of that area over time.
The first satellite in the series, GOES-R, now known as GOES-16, was launched in 2016 and is currently operational as NOAA’s GOES East satellite. GOES-S, now known as GOES-17, was launched in 2018 and now serves as an on-orbit backup. GOES-T, now GOES-18, launched in 2022 and now serves as NOAA’s operational GOES West satellite. GOES satellites are designated with a letter prior to launch. Once a GOES satellite has successfully reached geostationary orbit, it is renamed with a number. GOES-U, the final satellite in the series, is scheduled to launch in 2024.
Together, GOES East and GOES West watch over more than half the globe — from the west coast of Africa to New Zealand and from near the Arctic Circle to the Antarctic Circle.
The GOES-R Program is a collaborative effort between NOAA and NASA. NASA builds and launches the satellites for NOAA, which operates them and distributes their data to users worldwide.
The Polar Operational Environmental Satellites (POES) satellite system makes 14 nearly polar orbits per day approximately 520 miles above Earth. The Earth's rotation allows the satellite to see a different view with each orbit, and each satellite provides two complete views of weather around the world each day. NOAA partners with the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) to operate two polar-orbiting satellites – one POES and one European polar-orbiting satellite called MetOp.
The POES instruments include the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer, the Advanced TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder (ATOVS), and the Microwave Humidity Sounder provided by EUMETSAT. These instruments provide visible, infrared, and microwave data which is used for a variety of applications such as to monitor cloud and precipitation, determine surface properties, and profile humidity.
Data from the POES supports a broad range of environmental monitoring applications including weather analysis and forecasting, climate research and prediction, global sea surface temperature measurements, atmospheric soundings of temperature and humidity, ocean dynamics research, volcanic eruption monitoring, forest fire detection, global vegetation analysis, and search and rescue.
|
Frequencies |
| Frequency | Bandwidth | Use | Service | Table |
| 137.1 MHz | 34 kHz | POES Automatic Picture Transmission (APT) downlink | Meteorological-satellite | F |
| 137.5 MHz | 34 kHz | POES Automatic Picture Transmission (APT) downlink | Meteorological-satellite | F |
| 137.62 MHz | 34 kHz | POES Automatic Picture Transmission (APT) downlink | Meteorological-satellite | F |
| 137.9125 MHz | 34 kHz | POES Automatic Picture Transmission (APT) downlink | Meteorological-satellite | F |
| 1676 MHz | 5.2 MHz | Legacy GOES SDL downlink | Meteorological-satellite | F |
| 1680 MHz | 475 kHz | GOES-R DCPR downlink | Meteorological-satellite | F |
| 1681.5 MHz | 400 kHz | Legacy GOES MDL downlink | Meteorological-satellite | F |
| 1685.7 MHz | 4.22 MHz | Legacy GOES GVAR downlink | Meteorological-satellite | F |
| 1686.6 MHz | 10.9 MHz | GOES-R GRB downlink | Meteorological-satellite | F |
| 1691 MHz | 586 kHz | Legacy GOES LRIT downlink | Meteorological-satellite | F |
| 1692.7 MHz | 27 kHz | Legacy GOES EMWIN-N downlink | Meteorological-satellite | F |
| 1693 MHz | 80 kHz | GOES-R CDA telemetry downlink | Meteorological-satellite | F |
| 1694 MHz | 16 kHz | Legacy GOES CDA Telemetry downlink | Meteorological-satellite | F |
| 1694.1 MHz | 1.205 MHz | GOES-R HRIT downlink | Meteorological-satellite | F |
| 1694.5 MHz | 475 kHz | Legacy GOES DCPR downlink | Meteorological-satellite | F |
| 1694.8 MHz | 475 kHz | Legacy GOES DCPR downlink | Meteorological-satellite | F |
| 1698 MHz | 5.32 MHz | POES Local Area Coverage (LAC) and Global Area Coverage (GAC) downlink | Meteorological-satellite | F |
| 1698 MHz | 2.66 MHz | POES High Resolution Picture Transmission (HRPT) downlink | Meteorological-satellite | F |
| 1701.3 MHz | 4.5 MHz | MetOp Advanced High Resolution Picture Transmissions (AHRPT) downlink | Meteorological-satellite | F |
| 1702.5 MHz | 5.32 MHz | POES Local Area Coverage (LAC) and Global Area Coverage (GAC) downlink | Meteorological-satellite | F |
| 1702.5 MHz | 2.66 MHz | POES High Resolution Picture Transmission (HRPT) downlink | Meteorological-satellite | F |
| 1707 MHz | 5.32 MHz | POES Local Area Coverage (LAC) and Global Area Coverage (GAC) downlink | Meteorological-satellite | F |
| 1707 MHz | 4.5 MHz | MetOp Advanced High Resolution Picture Transmissions (AHRPT) downlink | Meteorological-satellite | F |
| 1707 MHz | 12 MHz | Suomi NPP Low Data Rate (LDR) downlink | Meteorological-satellite | F |
| 1707 MHz | 2.66 MHz | POES High Resolution Picture Transmission (HRPT) downlink | Meteorological-satellite | F |
| 7812 MHz | 30 MHz | Suomi NPP High Data Rate (HDR) downlink | Meteorological-satellite | F |
Associated Files:
| | DySpan_presentation_v2
Radio Frequency Interference Monitoring System for Weather Satellite Ground Stations: Challenges and Opportunities, presentation by NOAA at the DySPAN 2017 conf ...
|
| |
Display in a New page
Edit
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SkyBridge LLC filed in 1997 with the FCC to provide fixed-satellite service operations from a network of 80 non-GSO satellites, operating 4 satellites per plane in 20 planes, inclined 53 deg. The satellites would be in circular orbits at an altitude of 1469.3 km. The FCC granted launch and operation authority to SkyBridge in 2005 (DA 05-2037), but SkyBridge was never launched.
In 2014, a company registered/operating under the names L5 and WorldVu, based in the Channel Islands, acquired SkyBridge's Ku-band spectrum rights at the ITU. According to a May 30, 2014, Space News article, WorldVu would consist of 360 small satellites operating at between 800 and 950 km altitude at an inclination of 88.2 deg (near polar orbit). Space News quotes the filing as indicating the satellite system would come into use in 2019 or 2020.
WorldVu is now known as OneWeb.
|
Frequency Bands |
| Band | Use | Service | Table |
| 10.7 - 12.7 GHz | SkyBridge downlink | Fixed-satellite | - |
| 12.7 - 12.75 GHz | SkyBridge downlink (outside Western Hemisphere) | Fixed-satellite | - |
| 12.75 - 13.25 GHz | SkyBridge uplink | Fixed-satellite | - |
| 13.75 - 14.5 GHz | SkyBridge uplink | Fixed-satellite | - |
| 17.3 - 18.1 GHz | SkyBridge uplink (outside U.S.; non-harmful interference basis) | Fixed-satellite | - |
Display in a New page
Edit
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Globalstar mobile-satellite service (MSS) system uses spectrum in the L and S bands for uplink and downlink transmissions, respectively. Globalstar has been granted authority to utilize portions of its bands for Ancillary Terrestrial Component (ATC) transmissions.
Globalstar's downlink spectrum includes the upper half of Wi-Fi channel 14. In the U.S., use of channel 14 is therefore not allowed. Globalstar had petitioned the FCC to allow it access to channel 14 (including the half outside of its licensed spectrum) to provide its own proprietary "Terrestrial Low Power Service" (TLPS), but it settled for providing this service within its own assignment.
|
Paired Frequency Bands |
| Paired Bands | Use | Service | Table |
| 1610 - 1617.775 MHz | Globalstar ATC mobile-to-base | Mobile | N |
| 2483.5 - 2495 MHz | Globalstar ATC base-to-mobile | Mobile | N |
| 1610 - 1618.725 MHz | Globalstar uplink | Mobile-satellite | N |
| 2483.5 - 2500 MHz | Globalstar downlink | Mobile-satellite (space-to-Earth) | N |
| 5096 - 5250 MHz | Globalstar feeder links (uplink) | Fixed-satellite | N |
| 6875 - 7055 MHz | Globalstar feeder links (downlink) | Fixed-satellite (space-to-Earth) | N |
Display in a New page
Edit
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Terminal Doppler Weather Radars are located near some major airports and are used to detect wind shear or microburst activity. According to MIT Lincoln Laboratory:
"A microburst is an intense localized downdraft that is sometimes generated by a thunderstorm. If an aircraft inadvertently encounters a microburst while flying at low altitude, it may lose altitude rapidly and not be able to recover in time to avoid a crash. In fact, a series of commercial aviation accidents in the 1970s and 80s led the FAA to commission a sensor capable of remotely detecting low-altitude wind shear phenomena such as the microburst. The resulting product was the Terminal Doppler Weather Radar (TDWR), which is now deployed at 45 major airports around the country."
Additional information about TDWR is available at the MIT Lincoln Laboratory Web site.
The FCC allows Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (UNII) devices in the 5150-5350 and 5470-5825 MHz bands, which overlaps the band used for TDWR. To avoid interference to TDWR and other radars, UNII devices operating in the 5250-5350 and 5470-5725 MHz bands must automatically sense and avoid radar signals. There have been several instances of interference to TDWR from UNII devices that were either operating outside their designed bands or had dynamic frequency selection intentionally disabled.
|
Frequency Bands |
| Band | Use | Service | Table |
| 5600 - 5650 MHz | Terminal Doppler Weather Radar | Meteorological Aids | F |
Associated Files:
A peak-hold plot (blue line) of the spectrum of the Washington Dulles TDWR at 5605 MHz.
Display in a New page
Edit
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
According to the Indian Space Research Organisation:
Radar Imaging Satellite (RISAT-1), a new class of remote sensing satellite distinct from the established IRS class, is being developed by Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) as its first satellite imaging mission using an active radar sensor system. RISAT-1 carries a multi-mode C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) as the sole payload. The RISAT Mission is envisaged to augment the operational remote sensing programme in the country mainly enhancing agriculture and disaster support related applications.
RISAT-1 was launched on April 26th, 2012, into a polar sun synchronous orbit of 536 km (97.552 deg inclination) with the local time of equatorial crossing at 6:00 AM and 6:00 PM, as SAR does not need sun illumination for the target. The choice of this orbit gives advantage in terms of maximizing the power generation, with lesser complexities in solar panel tracking arrangements and power system management, besides simplifying the thermal management.
|
Frequencies |
| Frequency | Bandwidth | Use | Service | Table |
| 5350 MHz | 75 MHz | RISAT-1 chirped radar | Earth Exploration-satellite | - |
Display in a New page
Edit
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wireless LANS utilize various channels in the 2.4, 5, and 6 GHz bands (multiple countries), and (in theory) the 3.6 GHz band (U.S. only). For a list of which channels are available in which regions, refer to the Wikipedia article.
Wi-Fi is a trademark permitted for devices that are based upon a published standard of the IEEE 802.11 committee and that have been certified by the Wi-Fi Alliance. Wi-Fi is presently incorporated in about three billion devices. Wireless cash registers were one of the earliest applications of what is now Wi-Fi.
Wi-Fi devices operate on an unlicensed basis, generally meaning they cannot cause interference to licensed services, and must accept any interference caused to them. Wi-Fi shares bands with other unlicensed or ISM devices, such as cordless phones at 2.4 and 5.8 GHz and microwave ovens at 2.4 GHz.
Some of the key patents related to Wi-Fi are credited (in the courts at least) to the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) in Australia, which has collected over $400 million in royalties and legal settlements over patent rights.
|
Frequency Bands |
| Band | Use | Service | Table |
| 2400 - 2495 MHz | Wireless LANs | - | - |
| 3655 - 3700 MHz | Wireless LANS (U.S. only; standardized but not used) | - | - |
| 4910 - 4990 MHz | Wireless LANs (Japan) (U.S. public safety 4940-4990) | - | - |
| 5030 - 5090 MHz | WLANs (Japan, 2002-2017) | - | - |
| 5150 - 5350 MHz | Wireless LANs (U-NII-1 and U-NII-2A) | - | - |
| 5470 - 5895 MHz | Wireless LANs (U-NII-2C, U-NII-3, U-NII-4) | - | - |
| 5925 - 7125 MHz | Wireless LANs (U-NII-5, U-NII-6, U-NII-7, U-NII-8) | - | - |
| 42.39 - 46.71 GHz | Wireless LANs (WiGig) | - | - |
| 57.24 - 74.52 GHz | Wireless LANs (WiGig) | - | - |
Display in a New page
Edit
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PitchCom is a wireless communication system from a baseball catcher to the pitcher that allows the catcher to request different types of pitches. This system is in lieu of using hand gestures, which have been used since the beginning of baseball but can (and have) been stolen by the opposing team.
According to the PitchCom website: "The PitchCom™ communication system uses a proprietary push-button, player-wearable transmitter that allows players on the field to communicate plays to each other without using physical signs or verbal communication. Every player wearing a receiver actually hears the same instructions in their very own chosen language. The PitchCom™ communication system, a patent-pending technology of PitchCom Sports™, can also be adapted to allow coaches to communicate to players in the same covert manner."
The band of frequencies in which PitchCom operates includes many unlicensed devices. PitchCom itself operates as an FCC Part 15 (unlicensed) device.
The FCC ID for the PitchCom device is 2A3O2-PRA. Its max measured field strength is approximately 87.22 dBuV/m at 3 meters (horizontal pol) and 73.3 dBuV/m in vertical pol, according to its certification test report.
|
Frequencies |
| Frequency | Bandwidth | Use | Service | Table |
| 918.23 MHz | 628 kHz | PitchCom catcher-to-pitcher communication device | - | - |
Display in a New page
Edit
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BeiDou is a Chinese radionavigation satellite system similar in function to GPS. "BeiDou" roughly translates to "compass" in English.
As of early 2024, the constellation consists of 44 satellites:
- 7 GEO (38,300 km)
- 27 MEO (21,500 km; 55 deg inclination)
- 10 inclined GSO (IGSO)
The minimum signal strength on the ground for all four signals is -163 dBW.
According to Penn State:
"The future BeiDou is expected to support two different kind of general services: Radio Determination Satellite Service (RDSS) and Radio Navigation Satellite Service (RNSS). The RDSS will include a short message communication (guaranteeing backward compatibility with BeiDou-1). A satellite-based 2-way short message service in China and the surrounding areas (75 -135 ° E 10 -55° N) with a power of less than 3W and a capacity of more than 10 million messages/hr using 3 GEO satellites. The RDSS Characteristics will include a global message service using inter-satellite crosslinks with 10W of power and a capacity of 200,000 messages/hr using 14 MEO satellites. The Radio Navigation Satellite Service (RNSS) is very similar to that provided by GPS and Galileo and is designed to achieve a similar performance."
|
Frequencies |
| Frequency | Bandwidth | Use | Service | Table |
| 1207.14 MHz | 24 MHz | BeiDou B2 signal | Radionavigation-satellite | - |
| 1268.52 MHz | 24 MHz | BeiDou B3 signal | Radionavigation-satellite | - |
| 1561.098 MHz | 4.092 MHz | BeiDou B1 signal | Radionavigation-satellite | - |
| 1589.742 MHz | 4.092 MHz | BeiDou B1-2 signal | Radionavigation-satellite | - |
Display in a New page
Edit
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Galileo is a European radionavigation satellite system. The Galileo constellation will consist of 30 operational satellites in medium Earth orbit (MEO) at an altitude of 23,222 km, at 56 deg inclination. As of 2024, it is not fully deployed.
|
Frequencies |
| Frequency | Bandwidth | Use | Service | Table |
| 1176.45 MHz | 20.46 MHz | Galileo E5a signal | Radionavigation-satellite | - |
| 1191.795 MHz | 51.15 MHz | Galileo E5 signal | Radionavigation-satellite | - |
| 1207.14 MHz | 20.46 MHz | Galileo E5b signal | Radionavigation-satellite | - |
| 1278.75 MHz | 40.92 MHz | Galileo E6 signal | Radionavigation-satellite | - |
| 1575.42 MHz | 24.552 MHz | Galileo E1 signal | Radionavigation-satellite | - |
Display in a New page
Edit
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
High pulse repetition frequency ultra-wideband (HPR UWB) is one of the physical layers defined for low data rate personal area network (LR-WPAN) communications in the IEEE 802.15.4 standard.
According to the FiRa Consortium:
"In challenging environments, such as parking structures, hospitals, airports and high density venues, ultra-wideband (UWB) technology outperforms other technologies in terms of accuracy, power consumption, robustness in wireless connectivity, and security, by a wide margin.
"UWB securely determines the relative position of peer devices with a very high degree of accuracy and can operate with line of sight at up to 200 meters. In contrast to narrow band wireless technologies, the use of wide bandwidth means UWB provides very stable connectivity, with little to no interference and offers highly precise positioning, even in congested multi-path signal environments.
"By calculating precise location, fine ranging based on UWB is a more secure approach to closing and opening locks, whether those locks are installed on a car door, a warehouse entryway, a conference room, or your front door."
|
Frequencies |
| Frequency | Bandwidth | Use | Service | Table |
| 499.2 MHz | 499.2 MHz | 802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 0 | - | - |
| 3494.4 MHz | 499.2 MHz | 802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 1 | - | - |
| 3993.6 MHz | 499.2 MHz | 802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 2 | - | - |
| 3993.6 MHz | 1.3312 GHz | 802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 4 | - | - |
| 4492.8 MHz | 499.2 MHz | 802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 3 | - | - |
| 6489.6 MHz | 1.0816 GHz | 802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 7 | - | - |
| 6489.6 MHz | 499.2 MHz | 802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 5 | - | - |
| 6988.8 MHz | 499.2 MHz | 802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 6 | - | - |
| 7488 MHz | 499.2 MHz | 802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 8 | - | - |
| 7987.2 MHz | 1.3312 GHz | 802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 11 | - | - |
| 7987.2 MHz | 499.2 MHz | 802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 9 | - | - |
| 8486.4 MHz | 499.2 MHz | 802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 10 | - | - |
| 8985.6 MHz | 499.2 MHz | 802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 12 | - | - |
| 9484.8 MHz | 1.35497 GHz | 802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 15 | - | - |
| 9484.8 MHz | 499.2 MHz | 802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 13 | - | - |
| 9984 MHz | 499.2 MHz | 802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 14 | - | - |
Associated Files:
802.15.4 HRP UWB PHY band allocation
Display in a New page
Edit
|
|
|
|
|