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Allocations

Intro to Allocations

U.S. Non-Federal-Government Allocations

19.95 - 20.05 kHz
STANDARD FREQUENCY AND TIME SIGNAL (20 kHz)

US2

U.S. Federal Government Allocations

19.95 - 20.05 kHz
STANDARD FREQUENCY AND TIME SIGNAL (20 kHz)

US2

ITU Region 1 Allocations

19.95 - 20.05 kHz
STANDARD FREQUENCY AND TIME SIGNAL (20 kHz)

ITU Region 2 Allocations

19.95 - 20.05 kHz
STANDARD FREQUENCY AND TIME SIGNAL (20 kHz)

ITU Region 3 Allocations

19.95 - 20.05 kHz
STANDARD FREQUENCY AND TIME SIGNAL (20 kHz)

SpectrumWiki

Band Uses (19.95 - 20.05 kHz)

VLF Radio Stations

Radiofrequency Identification (RFID)

Footnotes

US2 In the band 9-490 kHz, electric utilities operate Power Line Carrier (PLC) systems on power transmission lines for communications important to the reliability and security of electric service to the public. These PLC systems operate under the provisions of 47 CFR part 15, or Chapter 8 of the NTIA Manual, on an unprotected and non-interference basis with respect to authorized radio users. Notification of intent to place new or revised radio frequency assignments or PLC frequency uses in the band 9-490 kHz is to be made in accordance with the Rules and Regulations of the FCC and NTIA, and users are urged to minimize potential interference to the extent practicable. This footnote does not provide any allocation status to PLC radio frequency uses.

SpectrumWiki

Band Uses (19.95 - 20.05 kHz)

VLF Radio Stations

A variety of high-power VLF stations exist around the world. Most of these stations transmit low baud rate encrypted information, over long distances, for military maritime purposes.

Signals from these stations are used opportunistically for scientific research. Sudden changes in received signal strength can indicate ionospheric disturbances caused, for example, by solar activity.

VLF signals are able to propagate over very long distances due to the wave-guide effect created by reflections off the Earth's land and oceans (at the bottom) and the Earth's ionosphere (at the top).

Stanford University maintains a list of VLF stations (including coordinates) usable for science research, from which these frequencies were obtained.

Frequencies
Frequency	Bandwidth	Use	Service	Table
10.6 kHz	0.25 kHz	3SB/3SA, Datonge (China)	Maritime Mobile	-
14.6 kHz	0.25 kHz	UVA, Batumi (Russia), 100 kW input	Maritime Mobile	-
15 kHz	0.25 kHz	UIK, Vladivostok (Russia), 100 kW input	Maritime Mobile	-
16.4 kHz	0.25 kHz	JXN, Kolsas (Norway), 45 kW	Maritime Mobile	-
16.8 kHz	0.25 kHz	FTA, St. Assie (France), 23 kW	Maritime Mobile	-
18.1 kHz	0.25 kHz	UFQE, Matotchkinchar (Russia), 100 kW input	Maritime Mobile	-
18.2 kHz	0.25 kHz	VTX3, Katabomman (India)	Maritime Mobile	-
19.6 kHz	0.25 kHz	GBZ, Anthorn (UK), 500 kW	Maritime Mobile	-
19.7 kHz	0.25 kHz	UGE, Arkhanghelsk (Russia), 150 kW input	Maritime Mobile	-
19.8 kHz	0.25 kHz	NWC, Harold E. Holt, Nort West Cape (Australia), 1000 kW	Maritime Mobile	-
20 kHz	0.25 kHz	VLF, South Pole	Maritime Mobile	-
20.27 kHz	0.25 kHz	ICV, Tavolara (Italy), 43 kW	Maritime Mobile	-
20.6 kHz	0.25 kHz	3SA/3SB, Changde (China)	Maritime Mobile	-
20.9 kHz	0.25 kHz	HWU, Rosnay (France), 400 kW	Maritime Mobile	-
21.1 kHz	0.25 kHz	Possible new transmitter in western China	Maritime Mobile	-
21.37 kHz	0.25 kHz	GYA, London (UK), 120 kW	Maritime Mobile	-
21.4 kHz	0.25 kHz	NPM, Lualualei, HI (USA), 566 kW	Maritime Mobile	F
21.75 kHz	0.25 kHz	HWV, NATO, LeBlanc (France)	Maritime Mobile	-
22.1 kHz	0.25 kHz	GQD, NATO, Anthorn (UK), 500 kW	Maritime Mobile	-
22.2 kHz	0.25 kHz	JJI, Ebino (Japan)	Maritime Mobile	-
23.4 kHz	0.25 kHz	DHO, Rhauderfehn (Germany), 500 kW	Maritime Mobile	-
24 kHz	0.25 kHz	NAA, Cutler, ME (USA), 1000 kW	Maritime Mobile	F
24.1 kHz	0.25 kHz	Possible new transmitter in eastern China	Maritime Mobile	-
24.8 kHz	0.25 kHz	NLK, Jim Creek, WA (USA), 250 kW	Maritime Mobile	F
25.2 kHz	0.25 kHz	NML/NLM?, LaMoure, ND (USA), 500 kW	Maritime Mobile	F
26.7 kHz	0.25 kHz	TBB, Bafa (Turkey)	Maritime Mobile	-
30.3 kHz	0.25 kHz	UGKZ, Kaliningrad (Russia), 100 kW input	Maritime Mobile	-
37.5 kHz	0.25 kHz	TFK, Keflavic (Iceland)	Maritime Mobile	-
37.5 kHz	0.25 kHz	NRK, U.S. Navy, Keflavik (Iceland), 100 kW	Maritime Mobile	-
40.75 kHz	0.25 kHz	NAU, Aquada, PR (USA), 100 kW	Maritime Mobile	F
45.9 kHz	0.25 kHz	NSC, Sicily (Italy)	Maritime Mobile	-

External Links:

Stanford Solar Center list of global VLF stations

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Radiofrequency Identification (RFID)

An RFID system consists of an interrogator and a transponder, and is used for identification and data capture. RFID systems are used for a very wide range of applications, including:

Highway tolls
Vehicle tracking
Container tracking
Inventory control & theft prevention (often used to prevent shoplifting)
Healthcare (patient & drug tracking)
Passports
ID cards
Building entry
Livestock & pet tracking

and numerous other applications.

RFID tags can be extremely small devices with little or no internal power, which respond to an interrogation by utilizing some of the RF energy imparted by the interrogator; or they can be larger powered units that can be interrogated over larger distances.

The ITU is in the process of attempting to harmonize RFID bands, since RFID systems are used for global commerce. ITU Study Group 1 (Working Party 1B) is drafting a new ITU-R Recommendation on RFID.

ISO/IEC18000 is the principal standard for the RFID air interface.

RFID systems typically operate in ISM and unlicensed bands.

The bands listed below represent the totality of the various bands presently used around the world. The exact bands used in specific countries may vary (and is what the ITU is attempting to harmonize).

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
9 - 135 kHz	RFID (inductive systems)	-	-
13553 - 13567 kHz	RFID (inductive systems)	-	-
433.05 - 434.79 MHz	RFID (often used for tracking shipping containers)	-	-
860 - 960 MHz	RFID (ITU Regions 1 & 3)	-	-
902 - 928 MHz	RFID (ITU Region 2)	-	-
2400 - 2500 MHz	RFID	-	-
5725 - 5875 MHz	RFID	-	-

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Engineering Data

	Lower Frequency	Center Frequency	Upper Frequency
Frequency	19.95 kHz	20 kHz	20.05 kHz
Wavelength	15.0 km	15.0 km	15.0 km
Band designator(s)	VLF	VLF	VLF
Isotropic collecting area	17,969,903.4 m²	17,880,166.2 m²	17,791,099.5 m²
Free space loss (1 m)	N/A (near field)	N/A (near field)	N/A (near field)
Free space loss (1 km)	N/A (near field)	N/A (near field)	N/A (near field)
Free space loss (10 km)	18.4 dB	18.5 dB	18.5 dB
Free space loss (100 km)	38.4 dB	38.5 dB	38.5 dB
Free space loss (1000 km)	58.4 dB	58.5 dB	58.5 dB
Free space loss (35,786 km = GEO orbit)	89.5 dB	89.5 dB	89.6 dB
Free space loss (378,370 km = Moon)	110.0 dB	110.0 dB	110.1 dB