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Television Broadcast
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Over-the-air television broadcasting in the United States uses the following spectrum. Each TV channel is 6 MHz wide. Digital broadcasting is by the ATSC standard. Some Low Power Television (LPTV), TV translators, and Class A television stations continue to broadcast in analog mode using the NTSC standard, but are mandated to transition to digital by September 1, 2015; however, the FCC has proposed extending this deadline in document FCC 14-151 (available under the related documents section).
VHF TV |
54-72 MHz: | Channels 2-4 |
76-88 MHz: | Channels 5-6 |
174-216 MHz: | Channels 7-13 |
UHF TV |
470-512 MHz: | Channels 14-20 (may be used for land mobile in major cities; see below) |
512-608 MHz: | Channels 21-36 |
608-614 MHz: | Channel 37 (not used for TV broadcasting) |
614-698 MHz: | Channels 38-51 |
Portions of channels 14-20 (470-512 MHz) are used by the Private Land Mobile Radio Service (PLMRS) in the following metropolitan areas:
Boston MA | channels 14 & 16 |
Chicago IL | channels 14 & 15 |
Dallas/Ft. Worth TX | channel 16 |
Houston TX | channel 17 |
Los Angeles CA | channels 14, 16 & 20 |
Miami FL | channel 14 |
New York NY/NE New Jersey | channels 14-16 |
Philadelphia PA | channels 19 & 20 |
Pittsburgh PA | channels 14 & 18 |
San Francisco-Oakland CA | channels 16 & 17 |
Washington DC | channels 17 & 18 |
PLMRS service is allowed by the FCC's rules in Cleveland OH (14 & 15) and Detroit MI (15 & 16), but interference issues with Canada prevent PLMRS from being deployed there.
A useful characteristic of digital (ATSC) signals is the addition of a narrowband pilot tone on the RF carrier. The pilot tone is at a nominal frequency of 309.440559441 kHz above the bottom edge of the channel, although the FCC may require small frequency offsets on a station-by-station basis to avoid interference between pilot tones of co-channel TV stations. Ancillary uses of the pilot tones include, for example, monitoring for sudden enhanced propagation events, such as meteor burst or sporadic E.
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Channelized Bands |
Band | Channel | Use | Service | Table |
54 - 60 MHz | 2 | Broadcast Television (VHF) | Broadcasting | N |
60 - 66 MHz | 3 | Broadcast Television (VHF) | Broadcasting | N |
66 - 72 MHz | 4 | Broadcast Television (VHF) | Broadcasting | N |
76 - 82 MHz | 5 | Broadcast Television (VHF) | Broadcasting | N |
82 - 88 MHz | 6 | Broadcast Television (VHF) | Broadcasting | N |
174 - 180 MHz | 7 | Broadcast Television (VHF) | Broadcasting | N |
180 - 186 MHz | 8 | Broadcast Television (VHF) | Broadcasting | N |
186 - 192 MHz | 9 | Broadcast Television (VHF) | Broadcasting | N |
192 - 198 MHz | 10 | Broadcast Television (VHF) | Broadcasting | N |
198 - 204 MHz | 11 | Broadcast Television (VHF) | Broadcasting | N |
204 - 210 MHz | 12 | Broadcast Television (VHF) | Broadcasting | N |
210 - 216 MHz | 13 | Broadcast Television (VHF) | Broadcasting | N |
470 - 476 MHz | 14 | Broadcast Television (UHF) (may be used for land mobile in major metro areas) | Broadcasting | N |
476 - 482 MHz | 15 | Broadcast Television (UHF) (may be used for land mobile in major metro areas) | Broadcasting | N |
482 - 488 MHz | 16 | Broadcast Television (UHF) (may be used for land mobile in major metro areas) | Broadcasting | N |
488 - 494 MHz | 17 | Broadcast Television (UHF) (may be used for land mobile in major metro areas) | Broadcasting | N |
494 - 500 MHz | 18 | Broadcast Television (UHF) (may be used for land mobile in major metro areas) | Broadcasting | N |
500 - 506 MHz | 19 | Broadcast Television (UHF) (may be used for land mobile in major metro areas) | Broadcasting | N |
506 - 512 MHz | 20 | Broadcast Television (UHF) (may be used for land mobile in major metro areas) | Broadcasting | N |
512 - 518 MHz | 21 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
518 - 524 MHz | 22 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
524 - 530 MHz | 23 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
530 - 536 MHz | 24 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
536 - 542 MHz | 25 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
542 - 548 MHz | 26 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
548 - 554 MHz | 27 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
554 - 560 MHz | 28 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
560 - 566 MHz | 29 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
566 - 572 MHz | 30 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
572 - 578 MHz | 31 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
578 - 584 MHz | 32 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
584 - 590 MHz | 33 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
590 - 596 MHz | 34 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
596 - 602 MHz | 35 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
602 - 608 MHz | 36 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
614 - 620 MHz | 38 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
620 - 626 MHz | 39 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
626 - 632 MHz | 40 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
632 - 638 MHz | 41 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
638 - 644 MHz | 42 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
644 - 650 MHz | 43 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
650 - 656 MHz | 44 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
656 - 662 MHz | 45 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
662 - 668 MHz | 46 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
668 - 674 MHz | 47 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
674 - 680 MHz | 48 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
680 - 686 MHz | 49 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
686 - 692 MHz | 50 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
692 - 698 MHz | 51 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
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Amateur Radio 6 m Band
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In ITU Regions 2 and 3, this band is allocated on a primary basis to the amateur radio service. Several Region 1 countries have also adopted this band for amateur radio, but the band is formally allocated to the broadcasting service in that region. According to footnote 5.169 of the Radio Regulations, the Region 1 countries that have allocated 50-54 MHz to amateur radio are the following: Botswana, Burundi, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, the Dem. Rep. of the Congo, Rwanda, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
According to the ITU, "this band is used for local communication at all times, including telecommand of objects such as models. Sky wave, tropospheric scatter and meteor burst propagation are used for distances up to 2000 km."
In the U.S., the ARRL has established the following band plan. The band plan may apply in other countries as well:
Frequency (MHz): Use 50.0 - 50.1: CW, beacons 50.060 - 50.080: Beacon subband 50.1 - 50.3: SSB, CW 50.10 - 50.125: DX window 50.125: SSB calling 50.3 - 50.6: All modes 50.6 - 50.8: Nonvoice communications 50.62: Digital (packet) calling 50.8 - 51.0: Radio remote control (20-kHz channels) 51.0 - 51.1: Pacific DX window 51.12 - 51.48: Repeater inputs (19 channels) 51.12 - 51.18: Digital repeater inputs 51.5 - 51.6: Simplex (six channels) 51.62 - 51.98: Repeater outputs (19 channels) 51.62 - 51.68: Digital repeater outputs 52.0 - 52.48: Repeater inputs (except as noted; 23 channels) 52.02, 52.04: FM simplex 52.2: TEST PAIR (input) 52.5 - 52.98: Repeater output (except as noted; 23 channels) 52.525: Primary FM simplex 52.54: Secondary FM simplex 52.7: TEST PAIR (output) 53.0 - 53.48: Repeater inputs (except as noted; 19 channels) 53.0: Remote base FM simplex 53.02: Simplex 53.1, 53.2, 53.3, 53.4: Radio remote control 53.5 - 53.98: Repeater outputs (except as noted; 19 channels) 53.5, 53.6, 53.7, 53.8: Radio remote control 53.52, 53.9: Simplex
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Frequency Bands |
Band | Use | Service | Table |
50 - 54 MHz | Amateur radio 6 m band | AM | N |
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Access Broadband over Power Line (Access BPL)
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According to the FCC's definition, Access BPL is "a carrier current system installed and operated on an electric utility service as an unintentional radiator that sends radio frequency energy on frequencies between 1.705 MHz and 80 MHz over medium voltage lines or over low voltage lines to provide broadband communications and is located on the supply side of the utility service’s points of interconnection with customer premises. Access BPL does not include power line carrier systems as defined in § 15.3(t) or In-House BPL as defined in § 15.3(gg)."
Low voltage lines are defined as lines carrying, for example, 240/120 volts from a distribution transformer to a customer's premises. Medium voltage lines carry between 1,000 and 40,000 volts from a power substation to neighborhoods, and may be overhead or underground.
Access BPL is an unlicensed service operated under Subpart G of Part 15 of the FCC's rules. Radiated emission limits from medium voltage lines in the 1.705-30 MHz range must not exceed the limits in 47 CFR 15.209, and those from 30-80 MHz must not exceed the limits in 15.109(b). Systems that operate on low voltage lines must comply with 15.109(a) limits across the entire 1.705-80 MHz range.
When Access BPL systems must use notch filters to protect licensed services, the notch must be at least 25 dB below applicable Part 15 limits in the 1.705-30 MHz band, and at least 10 dB below the limits in the 30-80 MHz band.
There are 12 sub-bands in which Access BPL systems are not allowed to operate anywhere to protect aeronautical (land) stations and aircraft receivers. Those excluded bands are listed in 15.615(f), and are excluded in the list of Access BPL bands in this entry.
Access BPL systems are not allowed to operate within the sub-band 2173.5-2190.5 kHz within 1 km of coast station facilities listed in 47 CFR 15.615(f)(2)(i), to protect the internationally-recognized standard maritime calling frequency of 2182 kHz.
No Access BPL emissions are allowed in the 73.0-74.6 MHz radio astronomy band on overhead medium voltage lines within 65 km of the Very Large Array radio telescope in New Mexico (34 04 43.5N, 107 37 03.82W), or within 47 km of the VLA on underground power lines or overhead low voltage lines.
Access BPL operators must consult at least 30 days in advance when deploying systems near various FCC field offices, aeronautical and maritime stations, radar systems, radio astronomy stations, and research areas. Details are in 47 CFR 15.615(f)(3).
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